Technology
In
ASTRA, road vehicle fleets are differentiated into different age classes
and into different emission standard categories and, for cars, engine
types, including also innovative technologies (biofuels, hybrid, electric
and fuel cells). Investments and learning curves are included in the simulation
of the fleet development process. Efficiency improvements are also included
for non-road modes.
ASTRA is able to simulate the impact of measures like investment in innovative cars or feebate schemes as well as the effect of the fossil fuels price trend.
Vehicle fleet composition is the main technological output, combined with the economic aspects related to investments in technology.
